The state of the target varies with the parameters for the three sputtering modes, and the SMD consists of various voltage-current (V-I) curves at different nitrogen contents and sputtering currents.

Researchers at University of Tsukuba have developed a technology for real-time estimation of the valence state and growth rate of iron oxide thin films during their formation. This novel technology ...

Thin film technology focuses on the deposition and analysis of functional material layers on a substrate. These layers are essential building blocks in modern devices, like the microchips found in ...