Optical 3D metrology enables fast, non-contact surface roughness measurement of defects and roughness for precise ...

Surface roughness refers to the condition of processed surfaces. Irregularities present on the surface of the object determine the texture and appearance of the surface, which plays a significant role ...

Surface roughness at the centimetre and millimetre scale is an important factor governing radar backscatter, especially in the case of warm (> -5°C) or highly saline sea ice types. Quantitative ...

Surface roughness influences many mechanical properties, including friction and adhesion, surface reactivity, semiconductor substrate quality, and surface interaction with electromagnetic waves, ...

“To improve transistor density and electronic performance, next-generation semiconductor devices are adopting three-dimensional architectures and feature sizes down to the few-nm regime, which require ...

Compatibility of the material for the diamond turning process is crucial to achieve clean cutting with reduced surface damage. Grain structure and the presence of impurities in the material affect ...